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The basic principle of a photovoltaic water pump system is to use solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy, and then drive various electric motors to drive the water pump to lift water from deep wells, rivers, lakes, ponds, and other water sources. It has many advantages such as no noise, full automation, high reliability, good adaptability between water supply and evaporation. The United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank, ESCAP and other international organizations have fully affirmed its progressiveness and rationality. Currently, with the support of these international organizations, tens of thousands of photovoltaic water pumps of different specifications are operating in different regions and countries around the world, especially in developing countries such as Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, which have brought considerable economic benefits to people in many impoverished areas and accelerated the pace of development in these regions.
Compared with diesel engine water pumps, the volt water pump has quite good economic efficiency. The World Bank has conducted an economic comparison with clear conclusions in the oil-rich Middle East region. In terms of its water price per cubic meter, the system power of photovoltaic water pumps is approximately 40kW, which is equivalent to the water price of diesel engine water pumps. Due to the price reduction of solar cells and other electronic control devices in recent years, the power at which the water prices of the two remain unchanged is around 75kW. Based on the experience of installing, testing, and selling various specifications of photovoltaic water pumps around the world in recent years, Siemens Germany has concluded that the low initial investment of diesel engine water pumps is its advantage. However, as the number of years of operation increases, its operating and maintenance costs will continue to increase, and the cost per cubic meter of water will therefore increase year by year. The photovoltaic water lifting ecological environment test station conducted by Xinjiang New Energy Company in the Taklamakan Desert also reached the same conclusion.
The initial investment of photovoltaic water pumps is relatively large, which is its disadvantage. However, due to its low operating costs and low or maintenance free characteristics, the cost of its water gradually increases. In 10 years, the water cost of diesel engine water pumps will be more than twice that of photovoltaic water pumps, with a breakeven point of about 3 years.
One of the ideal ways to solve the problem of drinking water and irrigation for people and livestock in remote communities is to use solar photovoltaic systems for power supply and water supply equipment. On the one hand, the remote areas of western China are rich in solar energy resources; On the other hand, photovoltaic water extraction equipment is pollution-free, noiseless, highly reliable, and requires minimal maintenance work. According to experts from the Ministry of Water Resources of China, the cost of photovoltaic water extraction in China is less than 0.2 yuan/t, which is about half lower than the cost of diesel engine water extraction. And its reliability far exceeds that of wind powered water extraction. With the decrease in the price of solar cells, the application prospects of photovoltaic water extraction are becoming more broad. The photovoltaic water pump system consists of four parts: solar cell module, power point tracking/control (inverter) device, motor, and water pump system.
Motor and water pump
All measures taken for photovoltaic water pump systems are to ensure stable and reliable water output, or to be implemented in the operation of motors and water pumps. They often form an assembly that requires reliability and high efficiency. For photovoltaic water pumps, the combination of motor and water pump is not as "casual" as the common combination of motor and water pump, as the power level and voltage level of the motor are largely influenced by solar cell components
